Tritrophic analysis of the prospective biological control of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, under extant weather and climate change

Abstract The highly destructive Asian brown marmorated stink bug ( Halyomorpha halys, BMSB) invaded Europe, Caucasus region, and North South America. Efforts to control it are ongoing in the Palearctic European-Mediterranean Basin America by introducing redistributing two stenophagous scelionid egg parasitoids Trissolcus japonicus T. mitsukurii ) that attacked an adventive oligophagous pteromalid hyperparasitoid Acroclisoides sinicus ). Large BMSB nymphs adults may be parasitized new associations of tachinid flies immature stages predators. terms commonly used define narrow wider ranges, respectively, food eaten, but here they refer range hosts adult female parasitoids. A holistic weather-driven physiologically based demographic model (PBDM) tritrophic interactions was developed evaluate prospectively impact natural enemies on biological under current climate change weather. Our study focuses with results for USA, Mexico, Central reported as supplementary information. PBDM analysis suggests biotypes high search capacity could suppress regionally, requisite levels parasitism these economic not observed their native nor areas. action is greater than , joint would provide higher mortality BMSB. Field data suggest A. has a modest negative suppression Moreover, have important supplemental role suppressing densities. Analysis species large sought.